Paraphrased examples:
Two authors (cite both author names in every reference):
Three or more authors (include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation, including the first citation, unless ambiguity is created):
If ambiguity occurs when the citation is shortened to the first author, write as many names are needed to distinguish references and abbreviate the rest to "et al.":
If both authors have the same surname, include the first author's initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs (p. 267, section 8.20):
If both authors have the same surname and first initial, provide the authors' full name:
Directly quoting the words of others' example (section 8.13, p. 264):
Two authors (cite both author names in every reference):
NOTE: The year can be omitted from a citation only when multiple narrative citations to work appear within a single paragraph. The year is always included in parenthetical citations (section 8.16, pp. 265-266)
Paraphrased examples:
One author:
Two authors:
Three or more authors (include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation, including the first citation, unless ambiguity is created):
If ambiguity occurs when the citation is shortened to the first author, write as many names are needed to distinguish references and abbreviate the rest to "et al.":
Directly quoting the words of others example:
Two authors:
Section 8.17, p. 266 and section 8.21, p. 268:
Reference example:
All 33 Chile miners freed in flawless rescue. (2010, October 13). http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39625809/ns/world_news-americas/
To cite in text use the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title or abbreviated title.
In text example:
When citing a specific part of a source, list the author, date, plus information for the specific part (pages, paragraphs, sections, tables, figures, footnotes, webpage, time stamps, slide numbers).
For example:
When multiple studies are relevant to your argument, place the citations in alphabetical order and separate with semicolons within parentheses. In running text, address studies in whatever order is wished.
Arrange two or more works by the same authors in chronological order (place citations with no dates first) with the authors' surnames listed once.
To signify the source(s) that are most relevant to your point, place those citations first within parentheses listed alphabetically and then insert a semicolon and a phrase (i.e., "see also") before the remaining citations that are listed in alphabetical order. This highlights for the reader the most recent and/or important research on the topic.
(For more examples, see p. 317 of the 7th edition)
IN TEXT
Parenthetical: (Robbins, 2015).
Narrative: Robbins (2015)
REFERENCE (TWO AUTHORS)
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.201209.018
IN TEXT
Parenthetical citation: (Kowalski & Limber, 2013).
Narrative citation: Kowalski and Limber (2013)
REFERENCE (21 or more authors)
Acconcia, T. V., Agocs, A. G., Barile, F., Barnafoldi, G. G., Bellwied, R., Bencedi, G., Bencze, G., Berenyi, D., Boldizsar, L., Chattopadhyay, S., Cindolo, F., Cossyleon, K., Chinellato, D. D., D'Ambrosio, S., Das, D., Das, K., Das-Bose, L., Dash, A. K., De Cataldo, G., . . . Yoo, I.;-K. (2014). A very high momentum particle identification detector. The European Physical Journal Plus, 129(5), 91- . https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2014-14091-5
IN TEXT (3 or more authors)
Parenthetical citation: (Acconcia et al., 2014).
Narrative citation: Acconcia et al. (2014)
REFERENCE (ONE AUTHOR)
(For more examples, see p. 317 of the 7th edition)
IN TEXT
Parenthetical citation: (Almazroui, 2015).
Narrative citation: Almazroui (2015)
(For more examples, see p. 317 of the 7th edition)
REFERENCE (ONE AUTHOR)
IN TEXT
Parenthetical citation: (Stamps, 2019).
Narrative citation: Stamps (2019)
REFERENCE (TWO AUTHORS)
IN TEXT
Parenthetical citation: (Akin & Huang, 2019).
Narrative citation: Akin and Huang (2019)
REFERENCE (TWO AUTHORS)
Napoli, P. M., & Napoli, A. B. (2019). What social media platforms can learn from audience measurement: Lessons in the self-regulation of "black boxes". First Monday, 24(12), 488-497. https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/
article/view/10124/8288
IN TEXT
Parenthetical citation: (Napoli & Napoli, 2019).
Narrative citation: Napoli and Napoli (2019)
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