APA Style Examples

Note: As stated in section 8.9, page 260 of the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards. Because personal communications do not have "recoverable data," they are not included in the reference list and cited in text only. Give the initial(s) and surname of the communicator (the person being interviewed or speaking in the communication) and an exact date. If the name of the communicator is given in the text, include the exact date in the in text citation according to the first example below.  Use the personal communication in text example below to also cite notes you took during a lecture or class handouts that are not posted elsewhere (e.g., the web). 

Although APA states that personal communications only be included in text, some professors require a citation to appear in the reference list.  If this is a requirement, follow the interview example below: