var springStats = springStats || {}; springStats.saConfig = springStats.saConfig || { site_id: 4527, tracking_parameters: {"_st_guide_id":499540,"_st_page_id":3420654,"_st_site_id":4527}, tracking_server_host: "libguides-proc.springyaws.com" };
Skip to main contentOne author: (Smith 2018)
Two authors: authors’ last names are separated by “and” followed by the year.
EXAMPLE: (Rieseberg and Soltis 1991)
Three or more authors: list only the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.” and the year.
EXAMPLE: (Tsutsui et al. 2009)
If different authors have the same surname (last name), add their initials
. . .but later studies (Mardis KL and Mardis LA 2012) established that. . .
Using multiple in-text references at the same point
Provide in chronologic sequence from earliest to latest, separated by semicolons - sequence by month those published in same year or, if this information isn't available, alphabetically by author names
. . .the main proponents (Mardis and Johnson 1972; Mardis and Wyatt 1972; Baudino F 1978; Baudino K 1978; Park et al. 1980; Ury et al. 1981; Zupa 1985) concluded that. . .
Example in a ScienceDirect article:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316300914
Multiple works by the same author(s) in different years
Jackson's studies of the AIDS virus (1985, 1986) have shown that. . .
Organization as author: (American Dietetic Association 2016)
No author?
(Human Biology . . . 2002-2016). Use date range if website lists a range of dates rather than a single year.
(Organizations . . . 2016).
![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |